But the best part was definitely going shark diving!  We went with Marine Dynamics - a group of scientists that study Great White Sharks and use the money they make from cage diving to fund their studies.  It was great we were able to have such a cool experience and fund important research at the same time.


But mostly it was just pure awesome.  These sharks are HUGE!  I thought it would be scary, but it was just amazing the whole time.  Poor Caro got a little bit seasick, but once we were in the water with these incredible animals it was all better!

Linda had a GoPro with her and she got some incredible footage of our experience with the sharks!

It was finally our turn to work on the coolest animals out there.  We were ecstatic!


Our very first immobilization was on four Cape Buffalo bulls.  Cape Buffalo in South Africa harbor many of the diseases that could cripple domestic cattle production like foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and theileria. Our plan was to get them down and then to get the testing done as soon as possible.  But the buffalo had other plans.  Two of them fell into the watering hole while the drugs took effect.  That meant we had to run in and hold their heads up so they wouldn't drown.  Unfortunately, that also meant I slipped and fell into an acacia tree and got covered in thorns. Somehow with everything going on, we still managed to get the testing done and wake them up in a decent amount of time.  The thorn story is a pretty funny one and I actually won best submission to the Student American Veterinary Medical Association's publication The Vet Gazette for it so you should go read it and laugh by clicking here.



Our next immobilization was on with zebras.  We needed to relocate two female zebras from Amakhala to a nearby game ranch.  So we set out looking for them and found a herd with some red hardebeest.  It didn't take long for us to dart the first one.  But when we got to her, it turned out she was lactating.  We didn't see a foal with her when we darted her so we did a quick preg check.  Turns out she had a baby somewhere out there so we woke her up and went back to lookin.  We finally got our two ladies down and loaded into the truck for them to head to their new homes.  We definitely learned a few things with these immobilizations - tracking a zebra running through a herd of stripes is difficult and even though Mike is big he can't be the only person on one side of the stretcher to lift the zebra into the truck.




Our next immobilization was with Cape Buffalo again, but this time with seven cows and a young calf.  These girls had already had their testing done, so they were on their way to their new home. We split up into several groups so we could get it done quickly.  And just like the zebras, we had to move them manually and in case you are wondering, yes, Cape Buffalo are very heavy.




Our next immobilization was a bitter-sweet one.  We set out to capture six nyala bulls for translocation.  But when we went to move the animals to one side of the boma (this one was ginormous), one of the females spooked and jumped into the fence and cut herself pretty good.  After getting the males loaded (which was so cool - these animals are awesome), we found the female and darted her so we could get a look at her wounds.  They were pretty extensive so Dr. Brothers and Dr. Blue got to work suturing her up.  Unfortunately she was under just a bit too long, and didn't come out of the anesthesia.  Nyala are very sensitive animals and we just weren't fast enough.  But it was amazing seeing Dr. Brothers do all he could to resuscitate her.



Our next immobilization was with Black Rhinos!  Everything we had been doing was leading up to this moment.  Black Rhinos are extremely endangered, and the preserve we worked on is the source of approximately a third of the total population of these amazing animals.  Our goal was to immobilize two mothers and their calves to notch the calves ears so they could be easily identified by rangers on their anti-poaching rounds.  We also placed microchips in the horns and the nuchal humps of the animals.  If any of those animals were to be poached, their horns could be traced to the poaching incident so the poachers could be charged with poaching and not just possession of a horn.

The rhinos were huge.  One of the babies went down in an acacia tree (of course) and we had to lift him out.  At just a year old he felt nearly as heavy as some of the cape buffalo cows.  The rhinos were also much softer than the White Rhinos at Hogle Zoo but they're skin was just as tough.  You had to full on whack that needle in there to give them their injections.


When we woke them up, one of the mothers charged us.  Her name is Julia and apparently she doesn't like cars so everybody who works there wasn't surprised but we sure were!
After we finished working on these amazing rhinos, there was such a feeling of gratitude.  Here we were working on one of the most endangered and protected animals in Africa.  It was wonderful to know that our course fees funded the great work we did there that day.

But the day wasn't over yet!  We went and helped examine a Cape Buffalo cow who had recently aborted and now had a uterine infection.  And then...we practiced darting again.  But this time we were in helicopters and our target was Dr. Brothers' truck!  Best day EVER!



Our next immobilization was on a black wildebeest.  We needed to get two caught up for translocation.  That is easier said then done.  In order to dart an animal, you need to get within 30 meters of that animal so wind won't blow your dart off course.  But every time we would get within 35 meter, the herd would run off.  It took us a couple hours to get one, and we didn't get the second before the sun set.  But these animals are cool.  They've got these weird frilly nose tufts, a mane and a tail like a horse, and some cool looking horns.  They're definitely way cooler looking than the blue wildebeest that are much more common.



Our last immobilization was with giraffe.  And as far as the way it is done, this one definitely is the coolest.  We needed a bull and two cows to be relocated to another park.  We would get close to the giraffes, Dr. Brothers would dart them, and then if they took too long to go down, they would need to be tripped.  Giraffes are extremely sensitive to the anesthetics we use and if they are not reversed fast enough, they can die from them.  So it is important to get them on the ground and restrained as fast as possible to reverse them.

Once they are down, a group of five or so lie on the giraffe's neck, a blindfold and harness are put on, and cotton is stuffed in the giraffes ears.  Then the animal is reversed.  After that, you place ropes around the giraffe's legs.  Once those are in place, everyone jumps back and the giraffe gets to its feet.  From there you use the ropes around its legs to push and guide it into the trailer.  It was the coolest thing ever and the perfect end to the perfect trip.

This was the experience of a lifetime!  I was fortunate enough to spend a month in the amazing country of South Africa on a Conservation Medicine Study Abroad.

Elephant on Patrol

We spent a day in London on our way over and it was incredible.  We got a behind the scenes tour of the London Zoo by one of the veterinarians.  We got to see the hospital and feed some adorable baby meerkats who were staying there.  The Zoological Society of London seems like an awesome organization to work for.  They have three different areas veterinarians can work in - the London Zoo, the Whipsnade Zoo, and in their Conservation Department doing cool field work.

Then we got to go around the zoo and just enjoy ourselves.  The London Zoo was the first zoo to abbreviate zoological gardens to the now common 'zoo' and it was so fun to see modern exhibits in old historical buildings.  Plus we got to see where the Harry Potter snake scene was filmed so that was awesome!
We also got to spend some time going around London before having to leave the next night for Africa.  London was beautiful.  It was so amazing to see the place I have studied in so many history classes.  Again the juxtaposition of modern with historical structures was just incredible.  The London Eye and our tour on top of a double deck bus were definitely my favorite parts.  It also happened to be the Opening of Parliament so we got to see the Queen drive by in her carriage and snap a few photos of her.  It felt very touristy but it was great.
We finally arrived in Africa and you could feel the excitement in the air.  This is what we had come for.  Dr. Peter Brothers from Brothers Safari's came to pick us up with my man Winston. He took us to stay at the beautiful Safari Lodge on the Amakhala Game Reserve.  The story behind Amakhala is pretty cool.  The land originally belonged to seven ranching families who decided that instead of cattle ranching, they would combine their land and work together to help preserve South Africa's beautiful game species.  For each 50 hectares a family contributed, they would be allowed to put one bed in their lodge so that each family's potential for tourists would correspond to what they gave.  The reserve is beautiful and it is staffed by some incredible people.

We spent the first few days going on game drives and studying.  The game drives were incredible. There are no words for seeing your favorite animals out in the wild.  It's breathtaking.  And our studies were also incredible.  We were taught primarily by Dr. Brothers but we were also fortunate enough to have Dr. Peter Buss from Kruger National Park come down to teach us Immobilization Pharmacology.  We even got to practice darting! These men are my heroes and I hope to be like them someday.
We also got the chance to go on a game drive on the beautiful Addo Elephant National Park.  The history behind this park is also pretty cool.  The area around Addo is full of citrus trees, so naturally Elephants would help themselves to their fruit.  But in the 1930's, people were not too fond of that. So they organized a hunt and killed all the elephants in the area except for 24.  Thankfully at that point, they stopped the slaughter and protected the area that would become Addo.  Because of the inbreeding that occurred there, the female elephants of Addo stopped growing tusks.  To combat this, SAN Parks brought in some big bulls from Kruger to reintroduce lost genes and now half the cows are sporting tusks.  This place was beautiful and it was so much fun to see so many elephants in one place.
After Addo we also visited the Born Free Foundation at the Shamwari Game Reserve.  The goal of Born Free is to rescue animals from bad zoos and circuses and release them back to the wild.  Some of these animals are not releasable so they stay at the facilities Born Free manages.  It was cool to see the animals, but I felt that in some of the cases with bad medical conditions, money spent on the conservation of their wild cousins would probably have a better effect.  But it was still cool for sure.
One of my favorite excursions was to Port Elizabeth where we got to go out on Algoa Bay with a group of scientists studying the endangered African Penguin.  Two of them were going to be staying on St. Croix Island for two weeks to study the largest rookery of these penguins and the effects the fishing industry on their breeding.  The ride over was magnificent.  We saw whales and dolphins and all sorts of cool birds.  St. Croix was beautiful. Pods of dolphins swam in its breaking waves and so many penguins hopped all around its rocks.  Getting the gear off the boat was a little tricky with the waves and the sharp rocks, but our captain managed to accomplish it.  When we drove off, it was impressive to me just how dedicated scientists are.  Those two were left on an island with only what they brought, planning on living in the little hut the team built years ago.
After a week or so learning to identify the various game species, learning about their biology, and learning about the pharmacology and techniques it takes to immobilize them, we were ready for our first immobilization, but you'll have to stay tuned for that!

Tilikum - Man He Looks Great!

I work at Utah's Hogle Zoo - an incredible zoo accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.  I love it.  Some days like today I wake up completely overwhelmed with how lucky I am.  I'm part of the Visual Arts and Visitor Experience Department.  There is an entire department in our zoo devoted to your experience as a guest.  Just think about that for a second.  As an Eco-Explorer, my job is to teach you about animals and inspire you to care about them.  My ultimate goal is to show you what you can do to help save these animals.  It doesn't matter where you are in the park:  I've got some info for you.  I'll tell you all about who's who and what we are doing to save them here at the zoo and with organizations in the wild.

Love Elephants & Rhinos?  Check out the International Elephant and Rhino Foundations.  Learn about poaching and how it is the number one threat to these magnificent animals. Make donations and be a conscious consumer so that these animals are never harmed by your purchases.  How about the cats of the Asian Highlands like the Amur Leopard and Tiger or the Snow Leopard?  We work with the Amur Leopard and Tiger Alliance and the Snow Leopard Trust to protect these endangered animals.  We have some of the best breeding programs for these species and are an active contributor to their Species Survival Plans.  What about Polar Bears?  Rizzo is a favorite here and we are trained by Polar Bears International to teach you about the plight of vanishing polar ice and the simple things you can do to help save the ice and the polar bears that call it home.  We make donations to the Marine Mammal Care Center  and the Marine Mammal Center in California - the two organizations that rescued and rehabilitated our California Sea Lions Rocky & Maverick after being injured in the wild.  We also work with the Niassa Lion Project - a great group promoting coexistence in Africa with the kings of the Savannah.

But my love for my job doesn't end simply with what I do and what I get to teach.  It extends to the people I work with.  I love them.  My fellow Eco-Explorers amaze me with their enthusiasm for conservation and their love for people.  They are like a second family to me.  Sometimes I get to listen to them teach and am amazed with their teaching ability and can't wait to use some of their techniques the next time I get to teach you.  My boss is an incredible woman with a passion for interpretation and conservation who has been paving the way for climate change interpretation around the country.

I also get to work with the keepers at the zoo.  They gave my study group at veterinary school some amazing experiences when we came during spring break. One of them is trying to help me land an internship with a veterinarian at a marine mark and has taught us some basics in training our seals.  Another of them is also a veterinary technician who gave me a bunch of books before starting veterinary school.  I worked with another one as a lifeguard when we were younger and we still joke about using the others towels - even if it does confuse the rest of the keepers.  Another keeper has worked to help another Eco get internships at other facilities.  And yet another keeper has given me experiences with our animals that I will never forget. I didn't get to mention all of them here, but all of them truly have inspired me.  Their backgrounds are varied and impressive.  Their knowledge and care for conservation is vast and inspiring.  I'm a better person every day I get to work with them.

Sometimes I also get to work with the veterinarians and veterinary technicians at the zoo.  They are an incredible team that has been so encouraging in my pursuit of veterinary education and my pursuit of working in zoos and aquaria.  I light up every time I hear the hospital calling on the radio and every time I see them in the park.  They are the veterinarians I most want to be like.

I hope this give you a taste of what is like to work at a zoo.  It's all about the animals - that's what has brought us all here and why we all work tirelessly for their conservation, care, and protection.  But it is also about the people.  Zoos have some of the best people in the world - people that are qualified and capable of doing anything they want to but that choose to work here because they want to make a difference.

So go to the zoo.  There are people there ready to make your day.  There are people there to show you how to make a difference.  There are people there making a difference for this world like no where else. But you won't find people anywhere else that care more for animals and conservation than those who staff zoos and aquaria. So find your nearest accredited zoo or aquarium and go today.  I promise you'll love it.

ZEW stands for Zoo, Exotics, & Wildlife - it's one of the clubs I'm a part of here at vet school.  If you know me at all, you'll know it's basically everything I could ever want in a club and I absolutely love it.  I've had some incredible opportunities to work with knowledgeable veterinarians who are willing to take time to teach us some pretty cool stuff.

So what is an exotics club like at a veterinary school?  Let me tell you.

A couple weeks ago, I got to attend ZEW's deantlering wetlab.  A&M has a Wildlife Center that allows us to get a chance at learning the management and medicine of non-domestic species.  It's pretty neat.  There is a herd of white-tail deer does and a few males separated from them for population control.  Every year as the bucks finish growing their antlers and shedding their velvet, the ZEW students get to help with deanterling.  Male deer use their antlers to fight each other and normally in the wild they can run away if those fights get intense.  That's not so much an option here at the wildlife center, so we remove their antlers every year to keep them from hurting each other.

We started out bringing one of the bucks named Buck (creative I know) into the restraint center which has these amazing catwalks to give you access above the stalls.  Dr. Blue darted him to get him his anesthesia and soon the procedure was underway.

Buck Before the Deantlering

In Physiology, we had just been learning about the muscarinic acetocholine receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system (the rest and digest one as opposed to the fight or flight one).  As Buck went deeper into anesthesia, his heart rate was slowing down (which is typical) so to keep his heart rate up where it needs to be we gave him some atropine - a muscarinic receptor blocker.  It was so cool to actually see the importance of what we had just learned a week before in class.  The parasympathetic system then couldn't further depress the heart rate and we were able to keep him stable and get the job done.  It was awesome.

And After.  He's still sleeping on the floor in this pic.

But the coolness doesn't end there.  I'm also a part of the Exotic Cat Team.  How cool does that sound? Taylor and I signed up to help take care of the two servals at the wildlife center.  SERVALS.  It's awesome. Their names are Morpheus and Camilla.

An African Serval Cat Who's Pretty Chill Like Morpheus

Morph tends to be pretty chill.  He mews a lot and likes to spray his enclosure basically all the time but he's definitely my favorite.  Camilla likes to remind us that Servals are not domestic kitties.  All the time. She likes to remind Morpheus of that too, but he just seems to ignore her.

Another Serval with a More Camilla-like Demeanor

Every morning and evening during the weeks we are on, Taylor and I meet up at the Wildlife Center to get them their food and to do some brief cleaning.  There are a series of doors we open and close to shift them around the enclosure so we can make sure they get their food separately (Cami will steal Morphs food if she gets the chance) and to make sure the whole enclosure is cleaned and that we are never in there with them. It totally reminds me of the back area of Asian Highlands at Utah's Hogle Zoo and gives me a little glimpse into how awesome being a cat keeper must be.

Yesterday was another of ZEW's awesome wetlabs.  After tending to Morpheus and Camilla at 7 a.m., I went straight over to school where I participated in some of the coolest labs and lectures.

From 8-10, I learned all about avian reproductive anatomy and how to perform a spay from Dr. Steve Fronefield from ABC - Animal & Bird Clinic.  Did you know that the Kiwi has the largest egg to body size ratio?  Well it does!  Check out this crazy image to give you a clue just what I mean.

Looks Uncomfortable to Me

Isn't that crazy?  They don't eat a few days before laying because they just can't!

After learning all about the anatomy, we got to go into the anatomy lab to practice our new surgery skills on some chickens after performing a brief necropsy.  It was really cool.  The yolk starts out on the ovary with the oocyte and then when the follicle ruptures, it travels down the uterine tube slowing forming the shell as it goes along (mostly around the shell gland right before the cloaca).

Crazy, Huh?

Then from 10-noon, I got to sit in on an awesome lecture on fish anesthesia.  I definitely had a leg up because of working at the Aquarium of the Pacific and in Dr. Johnson's Lab at BYU.

Mandarin Goby

Alison Wilkes, one of the PhD students at TAMU taught us all about it.  She also talked about a bunch of cool procedures that she is doing for her research.  She studies the role of iodine on thyroid tissue in fish by using high resolution PET/CT scans on fish injected with radioactive iodine to obtain 3D images of fish anatomy and iodine uptake.  It's pretty cool stuff.  Here's one of the pictures she took.



After a yummy lunch, I then got to attend a lecture on wildlife medicine and rehabilitation from Dr. Melissa Hill and John Karger from Last Chance Forever - a raptor rehabilitation facility located in San Antonio.  We learned all about donating our time and passion towards helping wildlife.  Whether it be a Barn Owl...


...or a Bobcat..


...or a Bald Eagle, they had something to teach us about that species' medical needs and rehabilitation.  It was incredible.


It really impressed upon me that no matter where I end up as a veterinarian that I will always have the opportunity and privilege to help with conservation efforts if I am willing to donate my time and resources to helping wildlife.  It also made falconry seem crazy awesome.

Then from 3-5 I was learning about sea turtles and their anatomy and conservation needs from the good doctors at the Texas Sea Life Center.  Do you know why the Green Sea Turtle is called the Green Sea Turtle?


It's actually because their fat is green.  The adults have a herbivorous diet that gives their adipose tissue a green color.  After learning all about chelonian anatomy, we got to go into the anatomy lab again to do necropsies on four young green sea turtles.  It was so cool.  Because of their shell, they don't need lots of muscles around their body wall.  So once you get inside it's basically really huge pecs and some glutes.  And that's about it for muscles.  Their lungs sit at the back of their carapaces and, like land turtles and tortoises, they breathe by moving.  As they do so, their muscles move around to expand the areas for the lung to fill.  It was really cool to see.

After that, we got to have a meet and greet with all the cool doctors (there were other classes going on besides the ones I took) and to do some networking.  Then it was back to taking care of Morph and Cami.

ZEW is awesome.  Vet school is one big adventure.  I love me some zoo medicine and I can't wait to play a bigger part in it!